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Mount Everest the highest peak in the world , everest summit is one of the most lethal addiction for the climbers . The Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas is home to Mount Everest (Nepali:, romanized as Sagarmth; Tibetan: ; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhmùlngm Fng), which is the highest mountain on Earth above sea level.
Numerous mountaineers, including seasoned explorers, are drawn to Mount Everest. There are two main ascent routes, one of which is known as the “standard route” and approaches the peak from the southeast in Nepal; the other originates from Tibet.
Everest presents risks including altitude sickness, weather, and wind, as well as perils from avalanches and the Khumbu Icefall, even if the conventional route does not give significant technical climbing obstacles. 310 individuals had perished on Everest as of November 2022. Due to the hazardous conditions, almost 200 bodies are still on the mountain and have not been evacuated.
British mountaineers conducted the first officially documented attempts to reach the Everest summit . The British attempted the north ridge approach from the Tibetan side numerous times because Nepal at the time did not permit foreigners to enter.
Mountaineering on Everest
The Human Challenge on Everest Summit
Far with the considerable advancements in gear, transportation, communications, and weather forecasting since the first significant expeditions in the 1920s, Mount Everest is difficult to reach and far more difficult to climb. Located in a very remote area, the mountain itself. Before the 1960s, people and pack animals had to travel great distances carrying all the supplies and products because there are no roads in the area on the Nepalese side. Since that time, the Khumbu valley has seen the construction of several airstrips that have substantially improved travel to the area around Mount Everest, however the upper regions are still only reachable by foot. The route to the north-side Base Camp in Tibet has recently been constructed.
The best weather for Everest summit only lasts for two short windows of time each year. Right before the monsoon in April and May is when it’s ideal. The snow is too soft and the risk of an avalanche is too high once the monsoon arrives. Weather conditions might perhaps allow an attempt for a few weeks in September following the monsoon; but, by October, the winter storms start and last until March, making climbing then practically impossible.
The consequences of high altitudes on the human body are considerable, in addition to the difficulties given by Everest’s geographic location and environment; the area in the Himalayas above around 25,000 feet (7,600 meters) is referred to as the “death zone.” As their bodies work to get more oxygen, climbers at such a high altitude have substantially faster breathing and heart rates.
Additionally, they struggle to properly digest food (and frequently find eating unpleasant), they have trouble sleeping, and they frequently experience confusion in their thinking. These signs and symptoms are indicators of oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) in the bodily tissues, which makes it difficult to perform any kind of effort and might result in making bad choices in a hazardous situation.
Everest Summit ( Routes and Techniques )
The most popular route used by climbers trying to reach the top of Everest is the southern one via the Khumbu Icefall and the South Col. The 1953 British expedition that saw Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay become the first man to climb Mount Everest’s summit used this route. It is also possible to climb the northern route, which seven British teams attempted unsuccessfully in the 1920s and 1930s. It is now widely acknowledged that a Chinese team led by Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, Liu Lianman, and a Tibetan named Konbu achieved the first successful ascent using that method in 1960. Everest’s largest face, the East Face, is rarely scaled.
The conventional way of climbing Everest has been referred to as “siege” climbing, maybe because the majority of the early climbers had military backgrounds. Using this method, a sizable group of climbers sets up a string of tent camps higher and higher up the mountainside. For instance, the Base Camp on the Khumbu Glacier is located on the most popular southern route and is situated at a height of roughly 17,600 feet (5,400 meters).
The idea is that climbers ascend higher and higher to set up camps farther up the route, then descend to the camp below the one that is being created to spend the night there. This is what mountaineers mean when they say, “Climb high, sleep low.” Climbers can acclimatize to the high altitude using this technique.
Some mountaineers in the early 20th century believed that using oxygen, Sherpa support, and a large group to ascend was “unsporting” or that it missed the essence of mountaineering. According to British explorer Eric Shipton, these big trips make climbers lose sight of the aesthetics of mountaineering and instead become solely focused on reaching the summit. Top climbers started bringing a more traditional “Alpine” method of climbing to the world’s highest peaks in the 1970s after becoming frustrated with how slow and predictable these siege climbs were. By the 1980s, this even encompassed Everest.
In this method, a small group of three to four climbers ascends and descends the mountain as swiftly as they can while carrying all necessary equipment and supplies. This compact method eliminates the need for kilometers of safety ropes and bulky supplemental oxygen. It’s crucial to move quickly. But before the group can think about making a summit attempt, at least four weeks must be spent at and near Base Camp acclimatizing to the altitude.
